Articles in Reference Books on Literature, Language, History, Culture, and Film

Longer Articles: 1,500-10,000 words

[15]

“Baltimore and African-American Literature.” Encyclopedia of African American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 79-81.

“Chronology of Events: World War II.” Encyclopedia of the Home Front: World Wars I  and II. Ed. Thad Russell. New York: East River Books; Santa Barbara, CA:  ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Literature of World War I: United Kingdom.” Encyclopedia of the Home Front: World Wars I and II. Ed. Thad Russell. New York: East River Books; Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2007.

“Literature of World War II: Canada.” Encyclopedia of the Home Front: World Wars I and II. Ed. Thad Russell. New York: East River Books; Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2007.

“Literature of World War II: United Kingdom.” Encyclopedia of the Home Front: World Wars I and II. Ed. Thad Russell. New York: East River Books; Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2007.

“Literature of World War II: United States.” Encyclopedia of the Home Front: World Wars I and II. Ed. Thad Russell. New York: East River Books; Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2007.

“Los Angeles and African-American Literature.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 993-997.

“Multiculturalism.” Encyclopedia of American Multi-Ethnic Literatures. 5 Vols. Ed. Emmanuel Nelson. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 1547-1552. 

“Pakistani Drama.” Encyclopedia of Modern Drama. Eds. Gabrielle H. Cody and Evert Spinchorn. New York: Columbia U P, 2007.

”Slang of World War II.” Encyclopedia of the Home Front: World Wars I and II. Ed. Thad Russell. New York: East River Books; Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 
2007.

“South African Drama.” Encyclopedia of Modern Drama. Eds. Gabrielle H. Cody  and Evert Spinchorn. New York: Columbia U P, 2007.

“St. Louis and African-American Literature.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2006. 1536-1539.

“Television: War Reporting, Documentaries, and Mini-Series.” Weapons and Warfare. Eds. John Powell and Stephen L. Danver. Mesa Verde, CA: Mesa Verde Publishing/Salem Press, 2010.

“Vidal, Gore.” Encyclopedia of Contemporary LGBTQ Literature of the United States. Ed. Emmanuel S. Nelson. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2008.

“World War II on Film.” Encyclopedia of the Home Front: World Wars I and II. Ed. Thad Russell. New York: East River Books; Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2007.


Shorter Articles: 500-1,200 words

[324]

“Abidjan (Ivory Coast).” The City and Urban Life. Ed. Jan Rogozinski. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2008.

“Aboriginal-based Criminal Groups--Indian Posse, Redd Alert, Warriors and 
Native Syndicate (Canada).” Organized Crime: An International 
Encyclopedia. Ed. Frank Swaney. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Adams, Jenoyne.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 5-6.

“Adams, John.” Partial Entry. Encyclopedia of World Poverty. Ed. Mehmet Odekon. New York: Sage/Golson, 2006. 3-4.

“Afghanistan.” Women and War. Ed. Bernard Cook. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2006. 3-5.

“Afghanistan and Drama.” Encyclopedia of Modern Drama. Eds. Gabrielle H. Cody and Evert Spinchorn. New York: Columbia U P, 2007.

“African Nationalists: Leopold Senghor, Negritude.” Encyclopedia of World 
History: Volume 9: 1945 to the Present. Ed. Jack Waskey. Santa Barbara, 
CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Afrocentrism.” Encyclopedia of Africa and the Americas. Ed. Noelle Morrissette Searcy. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Afrofuturism.” Encyclopedia of Africa and the Americas. Ed. Noelle Morrissette Searcy. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Ahmad, Rukhsana.” Encyclopedia of Modern Drama. Eds. Gabrielle H. Cody and Evert Spinchorn. New York: Columbia U P, 2007.

“Albanian Mafia (Albania).” Organized Crime: An International Encyclopedia. Ed. Frank Swaney. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Alexander, Meena.” Encyclopedia of American Multi-Ethnic Literatures. 5 Vols. Ed. Emmanuel Nelson. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 127-129.

“al-Hakim, Tawfiq.” Encyclopedia of Modern Drama. Eds. Gabrielle H. Cody and Evert Spinchorn. New York: Columbia U P, 2007.

“Alperon Crime Organization (Israel).” Organized Crime: An International 
Encyclopedia. Ed. Frank Swaney. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Amis, Kingsley.” The Facts on File Encyclopedia of the British Short Story. Ed. Andrew Maunder. New York: Facts on File 2007.

“Anthony, Sterling.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 39.

“Anthropomorphism.” Encyclopedia of the Environment and Society. Ed. Paul 
Robbins. New York: Sage, 2008. 

“Apple Computers.” Encyclopedia of American Science. Ed. Russell Lawson. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2008.

“Armstrong, William H.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 46-47.

“Arnett, Peter.” Encyclopedia of the American Homefront. Ed. Ben Shearer. 
Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2008.

“Arthur, Chester.” Encyclopedia of World Poverty. Ed. Mehmet Odekon. New York: Sage/Golson, 2006. 52-53.

“Asian-American Drama.” Asian-American History and Culture: An Encyclopedia. Eds. Huping Ling and Allan W. Austin. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2008.

“Asian Gangs--Cambodian, Hmong, Laotian, Vietnamese, Vietnamese-Chinese 
(U.S.).” Organized Crime: An International Encyclopedia. Ed. Frank 
Swaney. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Association for Asian Studies.” Asian-American History and Culture: An Encyclopedia. Eds. Huping Ling and Allan W. Austin. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2008.

“Astor, John Jacob (1763-1848).” A Historical Dictionary of Sino-American Relations. Ed. Yuwu Song. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2007.

“Aswan High Dam.” Encyclopedia of the Environment and Society. Ed. Paul 
Robbins. New York: Sage, 2008.

“At Play in the Fields of the Lord, by Peter Matthiessen.” Companion to the American Novel. Ed. Abby Werlock. New York: Facts on File, 2006.

“Azerbaijani Groups (Azerbaijan).” Organized Crime: An International Encyclopedia. Ed. Frank Swaney. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Baker, Nikki.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 

“Balkan Crime Groups (Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, the former 
Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Serbia and Montenegro, former 
Yugoslavia).” Organized Crime: An International Encyclopedia. Ed. Frank 
Swaney. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Bandele, Asha.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. 
David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 86.

“The Barbarians Are Coming, by David Wong Louie.” Encyclopedia of Asian-American Literature. Ed. Seiwoong Oh. New York: Facts on File, 2005.

“Barrax, Gerald W.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 95-96. 

“Barrax, Gerald.” Encyclopedia of American Multi-Ethnic Literatures. 5 Vols. Ed. Emmanuel Nelson. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 244-245.

“Baikal, Lake.” Encyclopedia of the Environment and Society. Ed. Paul Robbins. New York: Sage, 2008.

“Baldwin, James.” Encyclopedia of African-American History. Eds. Leslie 
Alexander and Walter Rucker. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Being There, by Jerzy Kosinski.” Companion to the American Novel. Ed. Abby Werlock. New York: Facts on File, 2006.

“Bell, Marvin.” Encyclopedia of American Multi-Ethnic Literatures. 5 Vols. Ed. 
Emmanuel Nelson. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 255-256.

“Big Circle Boys (Asia).” Organized Crime: An International Encyclopedia. Ed. 
Frank Swaney. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Bison.” Encyclopedia of the Environment and Society. Ed. Paul Robbins. New York: Sage, 2008.

“Boeing.” Encyclopedia of American Science. Ed. Russell Lawson. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2008.

“Bohemian Movements: Predecessors to the Beats.” Encyclopedia of Beat Culture. Ed. William Lawlor. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2004. 19-20.

“Bourjaily, Vance.” Encyclopedia of American Multi-Ethnic Literatures. 5 Vols. Ed. Emmanuel Nelson. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 305-307.

“Braun, Wernher.” Encyclopedia of American Science. Ed. Russell Lawson. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2008.

“Brown, Fahamisha Patrica.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 194-195

“Buchanan, James.” Encyclopedia of World Poverty. Ed. Mehmet Odekon. New York: Sage/Golson, 2006.

“Buchanan, Shonda.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 211-212.

“Bush, George W.” Partial Entry. Encyclopedia of World Poverty. Ed. Mehmet Odekon. New York: Sage/Golson, 2006.

“Bush Doctrine.” Encyclopedia of Homeland Security. Ed. Dennis E. Spillman. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2008.

“Butler, Robert Olen: ‘A Scent of Good Water.’" Encyclopedia of the American 
Homefront. Ed. Ben Shearer. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2008.

“The Caine Mutiny, by Herman Wouk.” Companion to the American Novel. Ed. Abby Werlock. New York: Facts on File, 2006.

“Cajun and Zydeco.” Encyclopedia of World History: Volume 9: 1945 to the 
Present. Ed. Jack Waskey. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Cambodian American Businesses.” Asian-American History and Culture: An 
Encyclopedia. Eds. Huping Ling and Allan W. Austin. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 
2008.

“Cambodian American Community Organizations.” Asian-American History and Culture: An Encyclopedia. Eds. Huping Ling and Allan W. Austin. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2008.

“Cambodian Crime Groups (Cambodia).” Organized Crime: An International 
Encyclopedia. Ed. Frank Swaney. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Campbell, James Edwin.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 233-234.

“Cane Toad.” Encyclopedia of the Environment and Society. Ed. Paul Robbins. New York: Sage, 2008.

“Carson, Rachel.” Encyclopedia of the Environment and Society. Ed. Paul 
Robbins. New York: Sage, 2008.

“Chang Jiang (Yangtze) River.” Encyclopedia of the Environment and Society. 
Ed. Paul Robbins. New York: Sage, 2008.

“Chang, Leonard.” Encyclopedia of Asian-American Literature. Ed. Seiwoong 
Oh. New York: Facts on File, 2007.

“Chernobyl Accident.” Encyclopedia of the Environment and Society. Ed. Paul 
Robbins. New York: Sage, 2008.

“Chertoff, Michael.” Encyclopedia of Homeland Security. Ed. Dennis E. Spillman. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2008.

“Children's Aid Society.” Encyclopedia of Juvenile Violence. Ed. Laura Finley. 
Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2007. 35-36.

“Chinatown Gangs (NY--USA).” Organized Crime: An International Encyclopedia. Ed. Frank Swaney. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Chinese American Autobiography.” Encyclopedia of American Multi-Ethnic Literatures. 5 Vols. Ed. Emmanuel Nelson. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 

“Chinese Exclusion Act (1882).” Historical Dictionary of Sino-American Relations. Ed. Yuwu Song. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2007.

“Chinese Organized Crime (Six Great Triads).” Organized Crime: An International Encyclopedia. Ed. Frank Swaney. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

"Chinese Secret Societies.” Asian-American History and Culture: An Encyclopedia. Eds. Huping Ling and Allan W. Austin. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2008.

“Chiu, Christina.” Encyclopedia of Asian-American Literature. Ed. Seiwoong Oh. New York: Facts on File, 2007.

“Choukri, Mohamed.” Encyclopedia of Modern Drama. Eds. Gabrielle H. Cody 
and Evert Spinchorn. New York: Columbia U P, 2007.

“Clark, William.” Encyclopedia of American Science. Ed. Russell Lawson. New 
York: M. E. Sharpe, 2008.

“Clinton, Michelle T.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 295-296.

“Cloudsplitter, by Russell Banks.” Companion to the American Novel. Ed. Abby Werlock. New York: Facts on File, 2006.

“Colorado River.” Encyclopedia of the Environment and Society. Ed. Paul 
Robbins. New York: Sage, 2008.

“Confessions of Nat Turner, by William Styron.” Companion to the American Novel. Ed. Abby Werlock. New York: Facts on File, 2006.

“Conley, Robert J.” Encyclopedia of Native American Literature. Eds. Jennifer 
McClinton Temple and Alan Velie. New York: Facts on File, 2007.

“Cook, Michael.” Encyclopedia of Modern Drama. Eds. Gabrielle H. Cody and 
Evert Spinchorn. New York: Columbia U P, 2007.

“Cowley, Malcolm.” Encyclopedia of the Home Front: World Wars I and II. Ed. Thad Russell. New York: East River Books; Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Criminal Empires.” Encyclopedia of World History: Volume 9: 1945 to the 
Present. Ed. Jack Waskey. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Dadie, Bernard.” Encyclopedia of Modern Drama. Eds. Gabrielle H. Cody and 
Evert Spinchorn. New York: Columbia U P, 2007.

“Darden, Christopher.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 389.

“DeBerry, Virginia, and Donna Grant.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 402-403.

“Denver.” Encyclopedia of Beat Culture. Ed. William Lawlor. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2004. 82-83.

“Dike, Fatima.” Encyclopedia of Modern Drama. Eds. Gabrielle H. Cody and 
Evert Spinchorn. New York: Columbia U P, 2007.

“Dinka.” Encyclopedia of Africa and the Americas. Ed. Noelle Morrissette Searcy. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Dollar Diplomacy.” Encyclopedia of Homeland Security. Ed. Dennis E. Spillman. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2008.

“Dominican American Novel.” Encyclopedia of American Multi-Ethnic Literatures. 5 Vols. Ed. Emmanuel Nelson. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 602-604.

“Dorr, David F.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. 
David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 438-439.

“Dorris, Michael.” Encyclopedia of Native American Literature. Eds. Jennifer 
McClinton Temple and Alan Velie. New York: Facts on File, 2007.

“Douala (Cameroon).” The City and Urban Life. Ed. Jan Rogozinski. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2007.

“Dragon Syndicates (Triads, China).” Organized Crime: An International 
Encyclopedia. Ed. Frank Swaney. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Drake, Edwin.” Encyclopedia of American Science. Ed. Russell Lawson. New 
York: M. E. Sharpe, 2008.

“Dreiser, Theodore.” Encyclopedia of the Home Front: World Wars I and II. Ed. Thad Russell. New York: East River Books; Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Drug Lords, Sketch of Columbians, Etc.” Encyclopedia of World History: Volume 9: 1945 to the Present. Ed. Jack Waskey. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Durden, Charles: ‘No Bugles, No Drums.’" Encyclopedia of the American 
Homefront. Ed. Ben Shearer. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2008.

“Earthquakes in America.” Encyclopedia of American Science. Ed. Russell 
Lawson. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2008.

“East European-Based Criminal Groups (Eastern Europe).” Organized Crime: An International Encyclopedia. Ed. Frank Swaney. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“East Timor.” Women and War. Ed. Bernard Cook. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2006. 161-162.

“Ellis, Erika.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 489-490.

“Ellison, Ralph.” Encyclopedia of the Home Front: World Wars I and II. Ed. Thad Russell. New York: East River Books; Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2007.

“Empire, Italian.” Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450. Ed. Thomas Benjamin.New York: Gale/Thomson/Macmillan, 2006.

“Employment.” Encyclopedia of World Poverty. Ed. Mehmet Odekon. New York: Sage/Golson, 2006. 302-305.

“Enugu (Southern Nigeria).” The City and Urban Life. Ed. Jan Rogozinski. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2008.

“Existentialism.” Encyclopedia of World History: Volume 9: 1945 to the Present. Ed. Jack Waskey. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Fair, Ronald L.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. 
David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 526-527.

“Fales-Hill, Susan.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 527-528.

“Falun Gong.” Historical Dictionary of Sino-American Relations. Ed. Yuwu Song. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2007. 

“The Federated States of Micronesia.” Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450. Ed. Thomas Benjamin.New York: Gale/Thomson/Macmillan, 2006.

“Fennario, David.” Encyclopedia of Modern Drama. Eds. Gabrielle H. Cody and Evert Spinchorn. New York: Columbia U P, 2007.

“Field of Vision, by Wright Morris.” Companion to the American Novel. Ed. Abby Werlock. New York: Facts on File, 2006.

"Findley, Timothy." Cyclopedia of World Authors. Pasadena, CA: Salem, 1989. 520-21.

“Folklore and Poetry.” Encyclopedia of African-American Folklore. Ed. Anand 
Prahlad. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005.

“Fowles, John.” Encyclopedia of the British Short Story. Ed. Andrew 
Maunder. New York: Facts on File 2007.

“Frayne, Michael.” Encyclopedia of Modern Drama. Eds. Gabrielle H. Cody and Evert Spinchorn. New York: Columbia U P, 2007.

“Freeman, David.” Encyclopedia of Modern Drama. Eds. Gabrielle H. Cody and Evert Spinchorn. New York: Columbia U P, 2007.

“French, David.” Encyclopedia of Modern Drama. Eds. Gabrielle H. Cody and 
Evert Spinchorn. New York: Columbia U P, 2007.

“Friedman, Bruce Jay.” Encyclopedia of American Multi-Ethnic Literatures. 5 Vols. Ed. Emmanuel Nelson. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 769-771.

"From the Terrace [by John O'Hara]." Cyclopedia of Literary Characters. Pasadena, CA: Salem, 1990. 552-54.

“Fuk Ching (China).” Organized Crime: An International Encyclopedia. Ed. Frank Swaney. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Fulani (People).” Encyclopedia of Africa and the Americas. Ed. Noelle Morrissette Searcy. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Fullilove, Eric James.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 593-594.

“Gang Crime (International Street and Prison Gangs).” Organized Crime: An 
International Encyclopedia. Ed. Frank Swaney. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-
CLIO, 2008. 

“Gelhorn, Martha.” Women and War. Ed. Bernard Cook. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2006. 221-222.

“Ghose, Zulfikar.” Encyclopedia of American Multi-Ethnic Literatures. 5 Vols. Ed. Emmanuel Nelson. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 816-818.

“Gibson, Patricia Joann.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. 
Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 
623-624.

“Gilmore, Brian.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. 
David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 627-628.

“Gilmore, Monique.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 628-629.

“Gold, Herbert.” Encyclopedia of American Multi-Ethnic Literatures. 5 Vols. Ed. Emmanuel Nelson. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 845-848.

“Graham, Lorenz.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 650-651.

“Gray, John.” Encyclopedia of Modern Drama. Eds. Gabrielle H. Cody and Evert Spinchorn. New York: Columbia U P, 2007.

“Great Circle Triad (Shanghai).” Organized Crime: An International Encyclopedia. Ed. Frank Swaney. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Green, Carmen.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 663-664.

“Grimes, Terris McMahan.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 670-671.

“Gross, Frank G.: ‘The Young Marine.’" Encyclopedia of the American Homefront. Ed. Ben Shearer. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2008. 

“Guenther, Dan: ‘China Wind.’" Encyclopedia of the American Homefront. 
Ed. Ben Shearer. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2008.

“Haldeman, Joe: ‘War Year.’" Encyclopedia of the American Homefront. Ed. 
Ben Shearer. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2008.

“Hartley, L.P.” Encyclopedia of the British Short Story. Ed. Andrew 
Maunder. New York: Facts on File 2007.

“Haskins, James.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 740-741.

“Haynes, David.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. 
David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 745-747.

“Haywood, Gar Anthony.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 748-749.

“Heard, Nathan.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. 
David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 750.

“Heinemann, Larry: ‘Paco's Story.’" Encyclopedia of the American Homefront. Ed. Ben Shearer. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2008.

“Hellman, Lillian.” The U.S. at War. Ed. Aron Hsaio. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Hecht, Ben.” Encyclopedia of American Multi-Ethnic Literatures. 5 Vols. Ed. 
Emmanuel Nelson. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 956-958.

“Hemingway, Ernest.” Encyclopedia of the Home Front: World Wars I and II. Ed. Thad Russell. New York: East River Books; Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Hemans, Donna.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 750-751.

"Himes, Chester." Cyclopedia of World Authors. Pasadena, CA: Salem, 1989. 723-25.

“Himes, Chester.” Encyclopedia of the Home Front: World Wars I and II. Ed. Thad Russell. New York: East River Books; Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“HMO.” Encyclopedia of American Science. Ed. Russell Lawson. New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2008.

“Ho, Minfong.” Asian-American Literature. Ed. Seiwoong Oh. New York: Facts on File, 2006.

“The Holocaust.” Encyclopedia of the Home Front: World Wars I and II. Ed. Thad Russell. New York: East River Books; Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“Holton, Hugh.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 785-786.

“Home By Christmas Offensive (1950).” Historical Dictionary of Sino-American Relations. Ed. Yuwu Song. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2007.

“Honey in the Horn, by H. L. Davis.” Companion to the American Novel. Ed. Abby Werlock. New York: Facts on File, 2006.

“Hudson-Smith, Linda.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 801-802.

“Hunter, Travis.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. 
David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 817-819.

“Hutu.” Encyclopedia of Africa and the Americas. Ed. Noelle Morrissette Searcy. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008. 

“Ichigo Offensive (1944).” Historical Dictionary of Sino-American Relations. Ed. Yuwu Song. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2007.

"If He Hollers Let Him Go [by Chester Himes]." Cyclopedia of Literary Characters. Pasadena, CA: Salem, 1990. 734-35.

“India-Pakistan, Kasmir Conflict.” Women and War. Ed. Bernard Cook. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2006.

“International Monetary Fund.” Encyclopedia of World Poverty. Ed. Mehmet 
Odekon. New York: Sage/Golson, 2006. 559-562.

“Irish Famine.” Encyclopedia of World Poverty. Ed. Mehmet Odekon. New York: Sage/Golson, 2006. 579-580.

“Italian American Stereotypes.” Encyclopedia of American Multi-Ethnic Literatures. 5 Vols. Ed. Emmanuel Nelson. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 1106-1107.

“Jackson, Monica.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 834-835.

“Jackson, Sheneska.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 837-838.

“Jamaican Criminal Organizations (Shower Posse, Jamaica).” Organized Crime: An International Encyclopedia. Ed. Frank Swaney. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

“James, Darius.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. 
David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 842-843.

“James, Kelvin Christopher.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 843-844.

“Jefferson, Roland.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 856-857.

“Jefferson, Thomas.” Partial Entry. Encyclopedia of World Poverty. Ed. Mehmet Odekon. New York: Sage/Golson, 2006. 594-595.

“Johnson-Hodge, Margaret.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 889-890.

“Jones, Solomon.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 897.

“Jones-Meadows, Karen.” Encyclopedia of African-American Literature. 5 Vols. Eds. J. David Macey, Jr., and Hans Ostrom. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. 897-898.

“The Jonestown Massacre.” Encyclopedia of Postwar America. Ed. James Ciment. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2006.

“Kashmir, Women in and Conflict.” Women and War. Ed. Bernard Cook. Santa 
Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2006. 338-339.

“Keaton, Buster.” Encyclopedia of the Home Front: World Wars I and II. Ed. Thad Russell. New York: East River Books; Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008.

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