Psychology 110 Lecture 5 Consciousness II Sleep disorders 1-15-02

 

  1. Sleep Disorders
    1. Insomnia
      1. What is "normal"
        1. Pseudoinsomnia, over reported
        2. Act deprived
      2. Emotional, stress, depression, day carryover
        1. Treatment sedatives, behavioral, life changes
    2. Narcolepsy
      1. Sudden sleep, regardless of nights rest
      2. Physiological basis
      3. Treatment, stimulants, only models successful
    3. Sleep Apnea
      1. Restricted breathing, low oxygen partial pressure
      2. Treatment, PPB, Surgery
    4. Nightmares
      1. Occurs in children, occasionally adults, disrupts sleep
      2. Persistence emotional disorder, therapy
    5. Night terrors
      1. Abrupt awakening from Non-REM, autonomic response, panic attack
      2. Most frequent with children, transient
    6. Somnambulism
      1. Biological / genetic basis
      2. Occurs early, in slow-wave
      3. May or may not awaken, used as murder defense
      4. Independent of emotional problems
      5. Dangerous, prone to accidents! Awaken gently
  2. Dreams
    1. Long held as special information about self, present and future
    2. Cultural Differences
      1. Central in aborigine culture, defines self
        1. New Guinea Arapesh, erotic dreams = adultery, not far in American culture
        2. Omens
        3. Driven by daytime, hunters and gathers dream of same
    3. Freud
      1. Door to the Psyche
      2. Wish fulfillment
      3. Extensive and standardized interpretations
      4. Little experimental evidence
    4. Cartwright - Problem solving
      1. Heyle - octane ring
      2. Resolution, experimentation
    5. Hobson & McCarley
      1. Dreams result from bursts of subcortical activity
      2. Result of cortical synthesis to account for it
      3. Consistent with REM activity
    6. No winning interpretation of dreaming
  3. Hypnosis
    1. Real Phenomenon, Mesmer, animal magnetism
    2. Parlor game, clinical tool, object of science
    3. Phenomenology
      1. Definition, systematic procedure typically produces heightened state of suggestibility
      2. Susceptibility,
        1. most can 10% cannot
        2. vary in suggestibility
      3. Characteristics
        1. Anesthesia,
        2. distortions and hallucinations,
        3. disinhibition,
        4. post hypnotic suggestion
      4. Theories
        1. Role Playing
        2. Form of conformity, same achieved without hypnosis
        3. Failure of regressive memory
        4. Altered state of consciousness
          1. Disassociation of consciousness, 2 streams of awareness
          2. Anesthesia from pain in other conscious stream
          3. Highway hypnosis
  4. Mediation
    1. Common in eastern religions Hindu, Buddhist, Tao; also in Judeo-Christian
    2. Mantra, concentration on repetitive prayer, claimed benefits
    3. Short term effects, sleep like reduction in metabolism
    4. Self regulation, self-exploration, self liberation strategies (Shpiro)
    5. Data confusing
  5. Drugs
    1. Psychoactive
      1. Narcotics
      2. Sedatives
      3. Stimulants
      4. Hallucinogens
      5. Cannabis
      6. Alcohol
    2. Multi-faceted causation
      1. Psychological
      2. Social
    3. Biological susceptibility
      1. Tolerance phenomenon
      2. Mechanisms
    4. Synaptic effects, tears at basic brain chemistry
      1. Speed, DA and NE synapses
      2. Limited sustainability, crashes
      3. Sedatives release GABA
    5. Opiates receptors, mimic brain self-opiates
      1. Highly reinforcing
    6. Dependencies
      1. Physiological
      2. Psychological
    7. Health impacts
      1. Overdose
      2. Organ damage
      3. Disease spread
    8. Marijuana
      1. Pregnancy, immune response, infertility
      2. Pathway to more damaging drugs
      3. Treatment of drug abuse
        1. Crime
        2. Illness

 

 

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