American Regionalisms,
Ethnic and Social Dialects--
The High Plains, Mountain Region,
and Great Basin:
A Citation List
Compiled by
Martin Kich
English Department
Wright State University-Lake Campus
Adams, Ramon F. Cowboy Lingo. Boston: Houghton, 2000.
--. Western Words: The Cowboy Dictionary: The Chin Jaw Words and Whing-Ding Ways of the American West. New York: Perigree, 1993.
---. Western Words: A Dictionary of the American West. Norman, OK: U of Oklahoma P, 1968.
Beltramo, Anthony F. "Profile of a State: Montana." Language in the U.S.A. Eds. Charles A. Ferguson and Shirley B. Heath. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 1981. 339-79.
Blevins, Winfred. Dictionary of the American West. New York: Facts on File, 1993.
Bright, Elizabeth. A Word Geography of California and Nevada. Berkeley, CA: U of California P, 1971.
Cannell, M. "Indian Personal Names from the Nebraska and Dakota Regions." American Speech 10(Oct. 1935): 184-187.
Clough, W. O. "Note on the Dialect in the Uinta Mountains of Wyoming." American Speech 11(Apr. 1936): 190-192.
Cook, D. "More Yellowstone Lingo." American Speech 10(Feb. 1935): 75-76.
Davidson, Levette Jay. "Old Trapper Talk." American Speech 13(Apr. 1938): 83-92.
---. "Vocabulary of a Westerner." Southwest Review 24(Oct. 1938): 62-74.
Davidson, L. S., and O. H. Koehler. "The Naming of Colorado's Towns and Cities." American Speech 13(Feb. 1932): 180-187.
E., E. E. "American Mnemonic Jingles" [Nebraska]. Notes & Queries 171(5 Sep. 1936): 172.
Ericson, Eston E. "Nebraska Folklore and Popular Sayings." Folk-Lore 49(June 1938): 148-153.
Flanagan, John T. "An Early Discussion of Place Names." American Speech 14(Apr. 1939): 157-159.
Grant, Bruce. The cowboy Encyclopedia: The Old and the New West from the Open Range to the Dude Ranch. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1951.
Hale, E. E. "Geographical Terms in the Far West." Dialect Notes 6(July 1932): 217-234.
Hankey, Clyde T. A Colorado Word Geography. Tuscaloosa, AL: American Dialect Society, 1960.
Hendrickson, Robert. Happy Trails: A Dictionary of Western Expressions. New York: Facts on File, 1994.
Herriford, Merle. "Slang among Nebraska Negroes." American Speech 13(Dec. 1938): 316-317.
Jensen, P. "Desert Rats' Word-List from Eastern Idaho." American Speech 7(Dec. 1931): 119-123.
Kimmerle, Marjorie, Raven I. McDavid, Jr., and Virginia McDavid. "Problems of Linguistic Geography in the Rocky Mountain Area." Western Humanities Review 5(1951): 249-64.
Lindsay, C. "The Idiom of the Sheep Range." American Speech 7(June 1931): 355-359.
Lindsay, D. N. "The Language of the 'Saints.'" American Speech 8(Apr. 1933): 30-33.
Meredith, Mamie. "Cornhusking and Other Terms." American Speech 13(Feb. 1938): 19-24.
---. "Prairie Schooner Slogans." American Speech 13(Feb. 1932): 172-174.
---. "Squaw Patch, Squaw Corn, Calico Cow, Yankee Corn, Tea Wheat, Sandy Wheat" [Nebraska]. American Speech 7(Aug. 1932): 420-422.
---. "'Waddies' and 'Hoboes' of the Old West." American Speech 7(Apr. 1932): 257-260.
O'Hare, Thomas. The Linguistic Geography of Eastern Montana. Ph.D. Dissertation, 1964. U of Texas.
Peterson, S. C. "Yellowstone Park Language." American Speech 7(Oct. 1931): 21-23.
Poulson, Richard C. The Mountain Man Vernacular: Its Historical Roots, Its Linguistic Nature, and Its Literary Uses. New York: Lang, 1985.
Richie, E. L. "Spanish Place Names in Colorado." American Speech 10(Apr. 1935): 88-92.
Ryder, Tex S. Cowboy-English/English-Cowboy Dictionary. New York: Ballantine, 1982.
Schultz, J. R. "Features of Colorado Life as Seen by Bayard Taylor in 1866." Colorado Magazine 12(Sep. 1935): 161-168.
Stewart, George R., Jr. "Popular Names for the Mountain Sheep." American Speech 10(Dec. 1935): 283-288.
Talbert, Ernest W. "Some Non-English Place Names in Idaho." American Speech 13(Oct. 1938): 175-178.
Thybony, Scott. Dry Rivers and Standing Rocks: A Word Finder for the American West. Albuquerque, NM: U of New Mexico P, 2000.
Trager, G. L. "Some Spanish Place Names of Colorado." American Speech 10(Oct. 1935): 203-207.
Van Den Bark, M. "Nebraska Pioneer English." American Speech 6(Apr. 1931): 237-256.
---. "Nebraska Pioneer English." American Speech 8(Dec. 1933): 48-52.
Yelsma, Paul L. Words Used by the Firefighters of the Denver Fire Department. Tuscaloosa, AL: American Dialect Society, 1971.