American Regionalisms,
Ethnic and Social Dialects--
The Midwest:
A Citation List
Compiled by
Martin Kich
English Department
Wright State University-Lake Campus
Allen, Harold B. "Aspects of the Linguistic Geography of the Upper Midwest." Studies in Language and Linguistics in Honor of Charles C. Fries. Ed. Albert Marckwardt. Ann Arbor, MI: U of Michigan P/English Language Institute, 1964. 303-14.
--. Linguistic Atlas of the Upper Midwest. 3 vols. Minneapolis, MN: U of Minnesota P, 1973-1976.
--. Minor Dialect Areas of the Upper Midwest. Tuscaloosa, AL: American Dialect Society, 1958.
--. "Pejorative Terms for Midwestern Farmers." American Speech 33(1958): 260-65.
Baker, Ronald L., and Marvin Carmony. Indiana Place Names. Bloomington, IN: Indiana UP, 1975.
Barge, William D., and Norman W. Caldwell. "Illinois Place-Names." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 29(Oct. 1936): 189-311.
Bess, C. E. "'Podunk' in Southeast Missouri." American Speech 10(Feb. 1935): 80.
Bloomfield, Leonard. "The Stressed Vowel Sounds of American English" [Chicago]. Language 11(June 1935): 97-116.
Brown, William J. Case Study of the Speech Habits Peculiar to Rural Southwestern Ohio as Indicated by Vowel Distortion and Substitution. 1951.
Buley, R. Carlyle. "Glimpses of Pioneer Mid-West Social and Cultural History." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 23(Mar. 1937): 481-511.
Carmony, Marvin D. The Speech of Terre Haute: A Hoosier Dialect Study. Ph.D. Dissertation, 1965. Indiana U.
Carriere, J. M. "Creole Dialect of Missouri." American Speech 14(Apr. 1939): 109-119.
Clark, Thomas L. Marietta, Ohio: The Continuing Erosion of a Speech Island. Tuscaloosa, AL: American Dialect Society, 1972.
Dakin, Robert Ford. The Dialect Vocabulary of the Ohio River Valley: A Survey of the Distribution of Selected Vocabulary Forms in an Area of Complex Setttlement History. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms,1966.
Davis, Alva A. A Word Atlas of the Great Lakes Region. Ph.D. Dissertation, 1949. U of Michigan.
Davis, Lawrence M. A Study of Appalachian Speech in an Urban Setting. Final Report. Project O-E-142. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1971.
Davis, LeRoy G. "Some Frontier Words and Phrases." Minnesota History 19(Sep. 1938): 241-246.
Deser, Toni. Dialect Transmission: An Analysis of Vowels in Six Urban Detroit Families. Bloomington, IN: Indiana U Linguistics Club, 1991.
Frazer, Timothy C. Midland Illinois Dialect Patterns. Tuscaloosa, AL: American Dialect Society, 1987.
Hartman, James Walter. Pressures for Dialect Change in Hocking County, Ohio. 1966.
Heap, Norman A. A Word List from Olney, Illinois. Tuscaloosa, AL: American Dialect Society, 1971.
Herndobler, Robin. White Working-Class Speech: The East Side of Chicago. Ph.D. Dissertation, 1977. U of Chicago.
Huang, Xiaozhao. A Study of African-American Vernacular English in America's "Middletown": Evidence of Linguistic Convergence. Lewiston, ME: Mellen, 2000.
Jacobs, E. L. "Auctioneer 'Colonels' Again." American Speech 10(Oct. 1935): 232.
Marckwardt, Albert H. "Principal and Subsidiary Dialect Areas of the North-Central States." Publication of the American Dialect Society 27(1957): 3-15.
Marrckwardt, Albert H., et al "Linguistic Atlas of the North-Central States." Cultural Anthropology Series 38(1976-78): 200-08.
McDavid, Virginia. Verb Forms in the North Central States and Upper Midwest. Ph.D. Dissertation, 1956. U of Minnesota.
McDermott, J. F. "French Surnames in the Mississippi Valley." American Speech 9(Feb. 1934): 28-30.
McDonald, Laura Jane. A Study of Southeast Ohio Dialect and Its Relationship to the General American Dialect of American English. 1965.
Mohr, Howard. How to Talk Minnesotan: A Visitor's Guide. New York: Penguin, 1987.
Murray, Thomas E. The Language of St. Louis, Missouri: Variation in the Gateway City. New York: Lang, 1986.
Nobbelin, Kent G. The Low-Back Vowels of the North-Central States. 1980.
Parmenter, C. E., and S. N. Trevino. "The Length of the Sounds of a Middle Westerner." American Speech 10(Apr. 1935): 129-133.
Pederson, Lee. "Chicago Words: The Regional Vocabulary." American Speech 46(1971): 163-92.
---. "Mark Twain's Missouri Dialects: Marion County Phonemics." American Speech 42(1967): 261-78.
--. The Pronunciation of English in Metropolitan Chicago. Tuscaloosa, AL: American Dialect Society, 1965.
Ramsay, R. L. "The Study of Missouri Place-Names at the University of Missouri." Missouri Historical Review 27(Jan. 1933): 132-144.
Ramsay, R. L., A. W. Read, and Esther G. Leech. "Introduction to a Survey of Missouri Place-Names." University of Missouri Studies 9(Jan. 1934): 1-124.
Read, Allen Walker. "'Liberty' in Iowa." American Speech 6(June 1931): 360-367.
---. "The Pronunciation of Place Names on the Frontier, 1829-1830." American Speech 13(Dec. 1938): 263-267.
---. "Pronunciation of the Word 'Missouri.'" American Speech 8(Dec. 1933): 22-36.
---. "The Strategic Position of Missouri in Dialect Study." Missouri Alumnus 20(Apr. 1932): 231-232.
Short, O. D. "Origin of the Term 'Hoosier.'" Indiana Magazine of History 25(June 1929): 101-103.
Shuy, Roger W. The Northern-Midland Dialect Boundary in Illinois. Tuscaloosa, AL: American Dialect Society, 1962.
Simley, A. "A Study of Norwegian Dialect in Minnesota." American Speech 5(Aug. 1930): 469-474.
Strickland, Arney L. A Study of Geographical and Social Distribution of Some Folk Words in Indiana. Muncie, IN: Ball State UP, 1970.
Taylor, Orlando L., et al. Minority Language Program of the Dayton Public Schools, Dayton, Ohio: Final Report. 1974.
Udell, Gerald. The Speech of Akron, Ohio: The Segmental Phonology: A Study of the Effects of Rapid Urbanization on the Speech of a Community. Ph.D. Dissertation, 1966. U of Chicago.
Underwood, Gary N. The Dialect of the Mesabi Range. Tuscaloosa, AL: American Dialect Society, 1981.
--. Vocabulary Change in the Upper Midwest. Tuscaloosa, AL: American Dialect Society, 1969.
Uskup, Frances L. Social Markers in Urban Speech: A Study of Chicago Elites. Ph.D. Dissertation, 1974. Illinois Institute of Technology.
Weber, Robert H. A Comparative Study of Regional Terms Common to the Twin Cities and the Eastern United States. Ph.D. Dissertation, 1964. U of Minnesota.
Wolfram, Walter A. A Sociolinguistic Description of Detroit Negro Speech. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics, 1969.