Intellectual Revolution

I. The Fall of Athens
    A. The Peloponnesian War
        1. Defeat of Athenian defensive and naval strategy

    B. New age of history and philosophy
        1. New questions in a time of war and defeat     
        2. Greeks had not yet built the ideal polis, and do not know the whole truth

II. New Idea of History
    A. Thucydides and the lessons of history
            1. Athens as a tragic hero

    B. Comparison with Hebrew history
            1. Hebrews: God is author of history/   Thuc.: humans (polis) are the authors
            2. Hebrews: meaning revealed by prophets/ Thuc.: analytical research
            3. Hebrews: history is progressive/   Thuc.: history is cyclical

    C. The idea of history in Western Civilization:  both Greek and Hebrew

II. Philosophy --analysis of truth
    A. Socrates:  What is the good?
            1. Socratic method -- a connected series of questions and answers
            2. Virtue is wisdom

    B. Plato:  Analysis of the ideal
            1. epistemology: knowledge found in contemplation of ideal forms
                   a. influence of Pythagoras and mathematics
            2. politics-->ideal republic
            3. ethical principle--> abandon the superficial to attain knowledge of the good

    C. Aristotle: analysis of nature
            1. epistemology: knowledge gained by investigation and categorization of things
                    a. substance and forms bound together
            2. politics-->three possible types of government
            3. ethical principle--> the golden mean.  Balance according to the situation

    D. Importance of Plato and Aristotle in Western Civilization
            1. Natural and moral order of things comprehensible to reason (analysis)
            2. Later convergence of Hebrew and Greek thought
=theologyà God comprehensible to reason (?)