Ideas of Progress

 

I. Napoleon and Romanticism

A. Napoleon’s Career

1. Star general

2. joins Directory

3. Coup of 1799

 

B. First Romantic leader

            1. legitimacy founded on genius

            2. salvaging the Revolution and unifying nation

            3. Romantic propaganda

                        a. David’s Napoleon Crossing the Alps

                        b. Gros’s Napoleon at the Plague House

 

C. Still Romantic in his failure

II. Conservatism

            A.  Shoring up monarchy, aristocracy, and church
                        1. Is it really an idea of progress? 

III. Liberalism
            A. Freedom of the individual        
                        1. John Stuart Mill--four basic propositions
                                          a. Individual freedom is the highest value
                                          b. Private property is the basis of individual liberty
                                          c. Human beings are essentially rational, and will seek the good if left to themselves
                                          d. Greater individual freedom leads to the progress and happiness of civilization

            B. Liberalism in practice       
                        1. Free trade
                        2. Middle-class vote
                        3. Anti-slavery        
                        4. Bigger government?
                                          a. Professional management
                                          b. Limited government
                        5. Rights for Women?

IV. Socialism
            A. Principle of social equality

            B. Varieties of socialism
                        1. Robert Owen--paternal socialism
                        2. Fourier and St. Simon--managed socialism
                        3. Louis Blanc--state socialism
   
            C. Karl Marx's claim to discover "scientific socialism"   
                                    1. "dialectic of materialism"
                                    2. class struggle
                                    3. destruction of class in revolution

V. Nationalism
            A. Principle of national unity
                        1. French Revolution and Napoleon showed the power of nationalism
                       

            B.  Unlocking potential of industrialism

 

VI. Mix and Match!
            A. liberal, romantic nationalism

                        1. Giuseppe Mazzini and "Young Italy"
                        2.  Eugene Delacroix's "Liberty Leading the People"

            B.  Romantic Conservatism

                        1. Houses of Parliament

 

            C. Romantic Socialism
                        1. The "Internationale"