Exam Review

The exam will cover all subjects and questions we have discussed in class so far. You should

                1) review the homework questions

                2) review your notes and the lecture outlines

                3) review the four artworks listed below

                4) review the three quizzes (shown below)

 

Some questions will refer to general themes we have discussed. Others will test your knowledge of the main events and persons we have examined.  Still others will concern the four important artworks on the list below.  Finally, there will be some questions that ask you to recognize a quote from a reading that we have examined, including any of the following: Machiavelli, Cuneo, Luther, Loyola, Little Red Riding Hood, Newton or Galileo.

 

 

Four Paintings to know for the Exam

 

Leonardo Da Vinci, Madonna of the Rocks (1486)--Renaissance at its height.  Representing Mary and Christ in very natural, human way.

 

Albrect D�rer, The Four Apostles (1526)--A German painter offers a visual representation of Lutheran values: the scripture, and reading scripture is the center of the Christian life

 

El Greco, The Burial of the Count of Orgaz (1586)--The Spanish painter, El Greco's depiction of salvation by the intervention of priests, saints and Mary to safely carry the soul to heaven

 

El Greco, Christ Cleansing the Temple (1601)--A vision of how Christ handles heresy, and how faithful Catholics should respond to Protestant heresy in the aftermath of the Reformation.

 

 

Quiz Review 1-3

 

Quiz 1: Renaissance Humanism

 

1. "Humanism" is best defined as

        A. belief that humans can create their own destiny

        B. insistence that God has determined all events

        C. concern for equality of all people

        D. focus on emotion rather than reason

 

2. Which was NOT a key feature of Renaissance art?

        A. focus on the human world

        B. use of ancient models

        C. observation of nature

        D. rejection of religious themes

 

3. One reason Niccolo Machiavelli can be identified as a humanist because he

        A. tried to reconcile religion and science

        B. insisted that popes should have no power

        C. studied ancient Roman and Greek authors

        D. advocated a democratic political system

 

4. One action that Cesare Borgia used to secure power was

        A. fooling his rivals into thinking he was their friend

        B. attacking the authority of the pope and priests

        C. making vast wealth as an explorer and trader

        D. winning love through his goodness and generosity

 

5. Which of the following is a Machiavellian idea?

        A. people are motivated more by fear than by love

        B. people are motivated more by love than by fear

        C. the most important thing for a ruler is to build trust

        D. it is best to shower your subjects with money

 

6. The Portuguese developed ships that

                A. could sail effectively against the wind

                B. were powered by oars

                C. were powered by steam

                D. had small, fixed sails

 

7. According to the book, Columbus's motives to sail west were to

                A. bring Christianity to the infidels

                B. prove the world was round

                C. find the route to China

                D. find Prester John

 

8. The main reason that King of Portugal rejected Columbus's proposal to sail west was

                A. He didn't think it was possible because the world was flat

                B. He didn't have enough money for a risky venture

                C. his experts told him Columbus's calculations were wrong

                D. it was contrary to his religious principles

 

9. When he first encountered the native Americans, Columbus thought they were

                A. small and ugly

                B. handsome and fit

                C. better than Europeans

                D. vicious and cruel

 

10. The first thing Columbus asked about when he met with the native Americans was

                A. whether they believed in God

                B. providing food to resupply the Spanish ships

                C. whether anyone could speak Spanish

                D. where he could find gold

 

 

Quiz 2: Reformation

 

1. Church reformers in the 1500s were humanists in the sense that they

        A. were more worldly

        B. studied ancient texts--the Bible

        C. focused on art

        D. followed Machiavelli's principles

 

2. An idea common to both Renaissance humanism and the Reformation was

                A. eliminating the pope's authority

                B. improved knowledge through reading and scholarship

                C. the quest for democracy

                D. an effort to develop trade and exploration

 

3. In Reformation debates, "works" refers to

        A. doing labor service for the church

        B. magic of witches

        C. prayers and sacraments

        D. study and writing

 

4. Which is a Lutheran doctrine?

        A. salvation by works alone

        B. popes decide matters of faith

        C. Bible should be read by specialists

        D. priesthood of all believers

 

5. Why was Luther angry about indulgences?

        A. the pope was, in effect, selling salvation

        B. there were not enough of them available

        C. he did not really understand what they were

        D. he was not given the right to sell them

 

6. Many German nobles liked Luther's idea that

        A. Germany should be united under the king

        B. Germany should be united under the pope

        C. all taxes should be abolished in Germany

        D. the pope should not tell them what to do

 

7. The Peace of Augsburg declared that

        A. Germany will be Catholic

        B. Germany will be Protestant

        C. Germany will be evenly split between the two sides

        D. Each ruler will decide the religion for his territory

 

8. Luther says that Christians are free: in what way?

        A. politically

        B. socially

        C. spiritually

        D. physically

 

9. According to Luther, what can be accomplished by prayer, fasting or other works?

        A. Justification

        B. Salvation

        C. Liberty

        D. Nothing

 

10. According to Luther, what is the one necessary thing for the salvation of the soul?

        A. worship

        B. the holy scriptures

        C. the church

        D. the reformation

 

 

Quiz 3: Scientific Revolution

 

1. How could religious division actually help bring about the Scientific Revolution?

                A. The churches established science schools

                B. people gave up on religion

                C. more people questioned old ideas

                D. trick question: it did not help bring the Scientific Revolution

 

2. Before the Scientific Revolution, everyone thought he was the expert on science:

                A. Caesar

                B. Newton

                C. Plato

                D. Aristotle

 

3. New explorations demonstrated that

                A. the world was small and limited

                B. there were many things that the Bible and old science did not know

                C. there is very little that is different from what they expected to see

                D. there is no direct route to India

 

4. The development of the printing press helped to

                A. expand discussion and debate about science

                B. suppress science by flooding market with religious works

                C. promote false scientific ideas

                D. restrict knowledge of new ideas to very few people

 

5. One of the more important technological innovations during the 1600s was

                A. the internal combustion engine

                B. telescopes and microscopes

                C. iron smelting

                D. pulleys and levers

 

6. Recovery of forgotten ideas was important to the Scientific Revolution.  One of these ideas was

                A. Plato's idea that mathematics was key to structure of nature

                B. Socrates's idea that the afterlife is unknown

                C. Galen's idea that physical health is based on a balance of humors

                D. Sophocles's idea that good men make big mistakes.

 

7. The mechanical philosophy of the Scientific Revolution asserted that

                A. all things, according to their form, have a purpose

                B. all things move in circles

                C. there is no such thing as a soul

                D. objects move when contacted by other objects

 

8. [Referring to Newton's Laws of Reasoning] What is the best statement of Newton's first rule?

                A. natural events have complicated causes

                B. no one can be certain what causes any event

                C. there is no reason to seek causes of events

                D. the simplest explanation is the best

 

9. [Referring to Newton's Laws of Reasoning] What is the best statement of Newton's second rule?

                A. Fires create light in England, and so a fire in France will also create light.

                B. One cannot be sure what the effect of any cause will be

                C. Observations of nature can be very deceiving

                D. Natural laws are different on different planets

 

10. In Rule V, Newton refers to "induction."  Look up the meaning of this word in reference to logic.  Which is the best definition?

                A. deriving new principles from established principles

                B. drawing a general conclusion based upon repeated observations

                C. arriving at a conclusion by process of elimination

                D. finding truth by locating the median between the extremes