I. The Church and the Barbarians
A. Barbarians destroy Roman state in the West
1. sack of Rome, 410
2. Emperor deposed, 476
3. Roman aristocrats become leaders of the church
B. St. Augustine's two cities
1. no regret for the fall of Rome because City of God is the new order
C. Two Swords: separate works and powers
1. one model: monastic retreat
2. another model: holy kings
a. conversion of the Franks under Clovis (r. 485-511)
--the German Constantine
b. conversion of the Irish and English
c. some kingdoms are Aryan Christians
3. another model: pope as ruler
a. Rise of Papal Power with Gregory the Great (540-604)
b. bishops rule many cities (such as they are)
II. Rome partially restored: the Carolingian Empire
A.
New Frankish dynasty
1.
Charles Martel and Battle of Tours (743)
2.
Pepin the Short allies with the Pope (754)
a. defeats the
Lombards
b. grants the
Pope his own territory
B. Charlemagne's continual
campaigns, 768-814
1.
Crowned emperor of the Romans, 800
2.
Palace at Aachen
3.
Regnum Europae
III. Carolingian Renaissance
A. Emperor
and church forge a new culture
1.
Family values (sounds Roman)
a. monogamy and
marriage in the church
2.
patronage of monasteries
3.
promotion of scholarship
a. libraries and
books
b.
schools--seven liberal arts ---girls too
c. preservation of
ancient culture
B.
Collapse of the Carolingian Kingdom
1.
Division of the Kingdom
2.
Economic weakness: manorial system
3.
Viking raids
IV. Feudal Society takes shape (10th century)
A.
In the rubble of old empire, many lords establish themselves
1.
knights forge personal alliances with lords
a. expert
horseback warriors
b. new potential
of the stirrup
2.
rewarded with fief (feodum)--a title to land
3.
lords and vassals (knights) bound by oaths of loyalty and codes of honor
a. difficulties
of multiple loyalties
B.
If anything, the church is even more important after 10th century
1.
the power to help govern and to give legitimacy to new rulers
a. lords are
eager benefactors of the church
2.
church holds power of relics, prayer, literacy and learning
3.
church offers order and regularity in disordered time