Crusades

I. The Call to Crusade
A. Pope Urban II calls for crusade
1. a new purpose for feudal knighthood

B. Motive of the Crusaders
1. Religious zeal of spiritual revolution
a. Crusaders are pilgrims
b. Power of relics
c. Papal indulgence
d. Apocalyptic ideas

2. Chivalry (honor and glory)

3. Legitimacy for kings and lords

C. Motives apparent in songs:
1. Chevalier, Mult Estes Guariz (2nd Crusade) 

II. Two Hundred Years of Crusades
A. Spontaneous crusades
1. Peter the Hermit and Count Emich of Leinengen
2. Attacks on Jews
3. Failure

     B. Amazing First Crusade
1. Led by Norman and French lords  
2. Battle of Doryleum (1098)
3. Siege at Antoch (help of Holy Lance)
4. Conquer Jerusalem (1099)
a. Bloody massacre
b. Establish Kingdom of Jerusalem and other Latin dominions

C. Later Crusades to retain or regain Latin territories
1. Second crusade fails
2. Third crusade a draw
3. Fourth crusade leaves spins out of control
4. Fifth, Sixth and Seventh crusades of no consequence
5. Last of the Latin domains falls in 1291

III. Legacy of the Crusades
A. New definition of chivalry
1. Fighting for God and church
2. crusading orders--fighting monks
a. Templars, Hospitalers, Teutonic Knights
3. holy war

B. Rise of anti-semitism

C. Ultimate failure of crusades undermines popes' claim to rule Europe