ENG 711: RHETORIC

Henry Limouze                                    Spring 1998                                Thursdays 7:00-9:50


          (All readings from Bizzell and Herzberg, The Rhetorical
            Tradition, unless otherwise noted)

April 2   What is rhetoric?  A few attempts at defining the term
               General Introduction, 1-15
               Aristotle, Rhetoric, I, 144-58
               Quintilian, 293-297, Institutes (Book II, ch. 14-17), 
                    318-329
               Blair, 796-7, Lecture XXV, 818-822
               Perelman, 1066-1068, The Realm of Rhetoric, 1072-1077

April 9   Structures of argument
               Aristotle, Rhetoric, II, 179-194
               Cicero, 195-199, De Oratore, II, 232-246
               Quintilian, Inst. (II, ch. 1-4), 297-307
               Campbell, 746-749, Philosophy of Rhet., ch. V, 755-760
               Whately, 828-831, Elements of Rhet., ch. III, 846-858
               Compositionists (Day, Bain, Hill, & Hill), 859-884
               Toulmin, Uses of Argument, 1104-1122

          From Lanham, A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, read the
          following articles: Rhetoric (131); Dialectic (50);
          Dissoi Logoi (57); Declamatio (44); Progymnasmata
          (120); Elenchus (62); Enthymeme (65); Decorum (45);
          Thesis (150); Topics (152); Exposition (75); 
          Definition (47); Proof (121); Fallacy (77)

April 16  Rhetorical approaches to style
               Anon., Rhetorica ad Herennium (Bk. IV), 251-292
               Erasmus, De Copia, 499-524
               Blair, Lecture XIV, 810-818

          From Lanham:  Figures of Rhetoric (78); Difficult
          Ornament (54); Trope (154); Amplificatio (8); Auxesis
          (26); Allegory (4); Zeugma (159); Homoioteleuton (83);
          Irony (92); Pun (126); Significatio (138); Enallage
          (62); Proverb (124); Period (112); Ciceronian Style
          (35); Senecan Style (136); Vices of Language (157);
          Euphuism (72), among others
          
April 23  Persuasion and style
               Aristotle, Rhetoric, II, 160-178
               Campbell, Philos. of Rhet., VII-X, 771-795
               Blair, Lecture XXXII, 822-827
               Burke, Grammar of Motives, 989-1018
          Exercises on Style Due


April 30  Rhetoric and ethics
               Gorgias, Encomium of Helen, 38-42
               Plato, Gorgias, 55-72
               Cicero, De Oratore, II, 200-211
               Quintilian, Inst., XII, 346-363
               Weaver, "Language is Sermonic," 1042-1054
          Prospectus for Paper Due

May 7     Rhetoric and Truth--I
               Plato, Phaedrus, 113-143
               Augustine, De Doctrina (Bk. IV), 381-422
               Bacon, Novum Organum, 631-633

May 14    Rhetoric and "truth"--II
               Vico, "On the Study Methods of our Time," 711-727
               Nietzsche, "On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense," 
                   885-896     
               Bakhtin, 924-963
               Burke, "Terministic Screens," 1034-1041

May 21    Other voices, other rhetorics--I
               Foucault, "The Order of Discourse," 1154-1164
               Derrida, "Signature Event Context," 1165-1184

May 28    Other voices, other rhetorics--II
               Christine de Pisan and Laura Cereta, 483-498
               Margaret Fell and Sarah Grimke, 670-696
               Helene Cixous and Julia Kristeva, 1224-1266

June 4    Rhetoric and composition
               Handouts--Paper Due

June 11   Possible class, if needed--Exam Due




  
Text:     Patricia Bizzell and Bruce Herzberg, eds.  The
               Rhetorical Tradition: Readings from Classical
               Times to the Present.  Boston:  St. Martin's. 
               1990.
          Richard A. Lanham.  A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms. 
               2nd ed. Berkeley: U California P, 1991.
          Handouts
          Online Guide, "Style: A Starting List of Schemes and Tropes"

RequirementsStyle Exercise                                              15%
Group Presentation in class on a reading (see below)        15%
Final long paper (c. 10 pages, open topic); prospectus
     due April 30; paper due June 4                         35%
Rhetoric discussion group                                   15%
Final take-home essay exam, due June 11                     15%
Attendance and Participation                                 5%
Group Presentations

Each class member will belong to a group of two or three persons
responsible for presenting one of the readings to the class. 
Presentations can vary, and each group should work to its
strengths, especially in deciding to use particular teaching
styles, visual aids, handouts, etc.  Whatever approach it adopts,
each group should try to help us understand the reading by giving
us information about subjects like its authorship, intellectual
background, philosophical and rhetorical assumptions, sources,
and/or importance in the history of rhetorical thought. 
Presentations should be polished, professional, and expert.  I
encourage groups to be imaginative and resourceful in their
presentation of information and to involve the class in lively
and interesting discussion of their topics.  I will evaluate the
presentations on the depth and accuracy of their content and
research and on the degree to which they engage the class.  Where
more than one writer is named, the group should decide on one,
not try to cover all.  (Selections should be made by April 16.) 
Here is the schedule of presentations:

     April 23  Group 1        Kenneth Burke

     April 30  Group 2        The Sophists

     May 7     Group 3        Augustine

     May 14    Group 4        Vico or Nietzsche or Bakhtin

     May 21    Group 5        Foucault or Derrida

     May 28    Group 6        Feminist rhetorical theory

    [June 4    Group 7 (if needed) Toulmin or Gates or a modern 
                              application]


Rhetoric Discussion Group [newsgroup: "wright.eng.english711-01"]

I have created an online newsgroup for this class.  This group
will take the place of a journal for the course.  CATS will set
you up with a student computing account, if you don't already
have one. The help desk in the library basement has instruction
sheets for newsgroup use.  You will want to read the postings
regularly, at least twice a week. 

Use the newsgroup to converse weekly (or more frequently) with
your classmates about the week's reading and discussion, to note
relationships among readings, to raise questions, confusions or
concerns, to argue points we can't always get to in class, or to
alert the rest of us to an interesting find in your
research/outside reading.  One useful approach might be to quote
a passage from one of the week's readings and frame a discussion
around it. Another would be to describe a real-world situation in
which you observed or experienced rhetoric at work.  Sometimes I
will suggest a discussion topic.  Mostly, though, the newsgroup
is your forum.  

In order to receive a grade of C for newsgroup participation you
will need to make 4 substantive postings, either raising and
following up on an issue for discussion or responding in depth to
an ongoing discussion. A grade of B requires 7 substantive
postings, while a grade of A requires 10 substantive postings. 
Do not put your newsgroup participation off until the end of the
quarter.  I will count no more than two entries in each of the
final three weeks of the course, so if you want an A for the
newsgroup discussion section of the course, you will need to post
at least four substantive messages during weeks one through
seven.  Start early and post often!

Attendance and Participation

Your active participation in every aspect of this course is
crucial to your success in it and to the success of your
classmates and of the course as a whole.  You must be  present to
participate, so attendance will be important.  However,
participation goes beyond merely "showing up" and pertains to
both small group and whole class discussion.  I will be looking
for frequent meaningful and thoughtful comments, insightful and
thought-provoking questions, and pertinent information from your
experience and from other courses and readings.  A greater-than-
minimum involvement in our electronic discussion group can also
help here; I will give some participation credit to those class
members who are active posters and replyers on the newsgroup. 
Thought and language are the subject matter of this course, so
show the class your thought through your language.

Final Paper

The final paper in rhetoric is not expected to be inordinately
long by graduate school standards--approximately 10 pages of text
(a minimum of 8), typed, double spaced, and appropriately
formatted and documented (correctly using APA or MLA format). 
The normal standards of writing competence and effectiveness at
the graduate level in English studies will naturally be applied
to these papers, so please edit and proofread carefully, and
please try to give yourself enough time to write and revise a
substantial paper by planning ahead and budgeting your time. 
"Last-minute" papers, often attended by last-minute computer
crashes or printing problems, are unnecessarily stressful for all
concerned, and rarely yield high-quality work.

The topic is open to any subject in the field of rhetoric, its
history, its theory, its applications and/or implications. 
Successful papers in the past have run the gamut--they have
included the rhetorical study of the style of a famous writer or
orator (or of a single speech or literary work), the exploration
of ancient and modern rhetorical theory with the purpose of
developing a feminist rhetoric, the study of the relation of
rhetorical theory with interpretative and/or linguistic theory,
the comparison of ancient rhetorical pedagogy with the modern
teaching of composition, and many others.  There are very good
bibliographical resources in our textbooks, and many good topics
could be suggested by your reading of the primary texts or the
introductions.  You are limited only by your imagination.

To develop your topic and get a jump on your research early, you
should prepare a prospectus for this paper, due in class on April
30.  A prospectus is a tentative preliminary statement of the
working hypothesis of the paper, together with a discussion of
the likely direction you plan to develop it.  The prospectus will
give us a chance to see what you are planning to work on; it will
require you to begin the planning process while there's still
time to find adequate resources (through Ohiolink or whatever);
and it will give you the opportunity to benefit from our
preliminary response as you develop your paper.  Your prospectus
should be written in the form of a short essay, at least one page
long (250 words); it should state the topic and outline the
likely arguments in support of your thesis; it may also (but does
not have to) suggest the final paper's organization.  It should
be accompanied by a tentative bibliography, also one page long,
of the major sources (at least five) you plan to consult for the
paper.

The paper will be graded as follows:

Prospectus meets minimal standards, on time  --   10% (5% if it 
     is late--up to 1 week)
Paper due June 4 by 7:00 p.m.                --   90%  

Note that a paper with no prospectus (or with a prospectus more
than one week late) can get a grade no higher than a B+.  Any
prospectus which is on time and meets minimal standards for
length, bibliography, and coverage will automatically get full
credit.

The paper itself is due 7:00 p.m. on June 4.  I will deduct 5% of
the grade (1/2 of a letter grade) for each weekday it is late. 
Please see me if you have any questions about this assignment.

     Instructor:    Henry Limouze
         Office:    438 Millett
          Hours:    M-F 12-2 & by appt.
          Phone:    775-2093 (or 3136)
          email:    henry.limouze@wright.edu
        webpage:    http://hypatia.wright.edu/Dept/ENG/limouze/limou.htm
      newsgroup:    wright.eng.english711-01



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