I. The Call to Crusade
    A. Pope Urban II calls for crusade
         1. a new purpose of feudal knighthood

    B. Motive of the Crusaders
        1. Religious zeal of spiritual revolution
             a. Crusaders are pilgrims
             b. Power of relics
             c. Papal indulgence
             d. Apocalyptic ideas

        2. Chivalry (honor and glory)

        3. Legitimacy for kings and lords

    C. Motives apparent in songs:
        1. Chevalier, Mult Estes Guariz (2nd Crusade)
               Knights, your salvation is assured since God
                  has appealed to you to take his side against
                  the Turks and Almoravids, who have done hims such great dishonor.
                  They have seized his fiefs against all right.
                   We must feel deep pain at this for it is there that God was first served
                   and recognized as Lord

                   Chorus:  He who goes with Louis (Louis VII of France)
                                  will never fear of Hell;
                                  his soul will go to Paradise
                                  with our Lord's angels.

                  Let us go and conquer Moses on the Mount Sinai:
                  let us not leave him any longer in the land of the Saracens,
                  nor his staff with which he separated with single blow
                  the waters of the Red Sea when the great host was with him;
                  and Pharaoh came in his turn as he pursued them and perished with his menC
                  more than I can say.
 

II. Two Hundred Years of Crusades
    A. Spontaneous crusades
        1. Peter the Hermit and Count Emich of Leinengen
        2. Attacks on Jews
        3. Failure